Yinxu
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Yinxu is located in the northwest suburb of An’yang, which is a famous historical culture city in China. It bestrides the north side and the south side of the Huan River. It was called “Beimeng”, “yinxu”, ‘Yinyi” in ancient times. It was called “Dauishang”, “Shangyi” in inscriptions on oracle bones. Yinxu was the capital in the late of the Shang Dynasty and the No.1 site of ancient capital which was verified by materials, inscriptions on oracle bones and archeological excavation. It has a history of 3.300 years. From 1,300 B.C. when the emperor of Shang Dynasty, Panyu, moved the capital to Yin, to 1046 B.C. when Shang Dynasty was ruined, Yinxu was always the political, economical, military and cultural center of the late of the Shang Dynasty. With the ruin of the Shang Dynasty, Yinxu lay in ruins.
In 1899, the villagers in Xiaotun village discovered many tortoise shells and animal bones on which there were many inscribed characters. It was verified that it is the oldest character in the world- inscriptions on oracle bones. And this discovery helped historians to pinpoint the position of Yinxu quickly.
In the nineteenth century before Christ the emperor of Shang Dynasty, Panyu, moved the capital to Yin (Xiaotun Village at present), and built the first stable capital in the history of China. Yinxu occupies an area of 24,000 square kilometers, housing many bronzes, jade articles, stone articles and bone articles which are precious relics. The famous one is “Simuwudafangding” which weighs 875 kilograms and it is the largest discovered bronze in the world.
The scale of Yinxu is large. It starts at Guojiawan in the east and ends at Beixinzhuang in the west, Liujiazhuang in the south and Houying in the north and Sanjiazhuang in the northeast. Yinxu is 6 kilometers long and 5 kilometers wide, with a total area of 24,000 square kilometers. The arrangement of Yinxu is distributed radioactively along the Huan River with the Ancestral Temple in Xiaotun Palace as its center. Yinxu is an open ancient city. There are many sites: the Ancestral Temple in Xiaotun Palace, the Mausoleum, the site of Hougang, many sites of tribes, family tomb complex, caves with tortoise shells and animal bones, the site of casting copper and the site of making jades and bones. The plot of land of the majestic palaces and temples, forbidding emperor mausoleum, star-studded residential sites, family tomb complex, densely scattered manual workshops and the colorful culture relics with inscriptions on oracle bones and bronzes as its representatives, have composed of the unique culture connotation of Yinxu and showed its large scale as well as courtly manner.
There is a park for exhibition. Occupying over 10,000 square meters and the whole building being modeled after the building of the Shang Dynasty, the shape of the door of the park is odd. Seen from away, the door looks like the character “door” of inscriptions on oracle bones. There are sculptured ornamentations on the beam and stake of the door, simple and unsophisticated. It is the most impressive.
Entering the “door” of inscriptions on oracle bones, some primitive rough houses come into sight, with various-shaped ornamentations on the peripheral columns. The park can separate into two parts, one is mainly for exhibiting inscriptions on oracle bones and the other is for exhibiting important events in the Shang Dynasty. The mausoleum of Fuhao who was the first woman general in the history of China is at the southwest corner.
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